This policy governs Ensanid, the standard for human accountability in the AI era. It provides a legally binding, privacy-preserving electronic signature that de-risks AI-generated content for institutions and insurers, while empowering researchers to prove authorship without disclosing their identity. It is fully enforceable under UK, EU, and MENA laws.
The Ensanid service is owned and provided by KNOWDYN Ltd free of charge and strictly on an 'as is' basis. To the fullest extent permitted by law, KNOWDYN Ltd disclaims all warranties and accepts no liability whatsoever for any loss or damage arising from the use of this service.
This policy document is the intellectual property of KNOWDYN Ltd. © 2026 KNOWDYN Ltd. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the prior written permission of KNOWDYN Ltd.
Ensanid passports provide a cryptographic proof that the holder is a human researcher with a pre-2020 verifiable publication record. This proof establishes humanity without requiring disclosure of personal identifiers such as names, emails, or biometrics. The system is designed to protect privacy while preserving trust and authenticity, in line with the ethical commitment that truth must be verifiable without exposure.
Any content to which an Ensanid passport is attached—whether natural text, computer code, digital art, music, or any other digital output, including AI-assisted material—shall be treated as having been signed by the holder. By attaching their passport, the holder assumes full accountability for the legality, originality, and consequences of that content. This accountability reflects the policy’s ethical foundation: to protect the research community against fraud and to ensure that researchers remain responsible for what they endorse.
Ensanid is built on the principle of zero-PII storage. Passports and proofs are unlinkable across contexts, ensuring that researchers remain protected against profiling, tracking, or undue surveillance. This approach complies with the UK Data Protection Act 2018, the EU GDPR, and equivalent MENA personal data regimes, while maintaining enforceability of signatures. Ethical commitments to privacy, scarcity, and academic alignment guide the system’s architecture and usage.
Eligibility for an Ensanid passport is anchored in verifiable scholarly records: at least five works published before 2020 and registered with recognised authorities (CrossRef, PubMed, or equivalent). This ensures that only researchers with an established pre-AI scholarly footprint can issue proofs, thereby strengthening the credibility of claims and aligning with the ethical commitment that scarcity and integrity must never be fabricated.
Ensanid passports are to be recognised as electronic signatures within the meaning of:
These provisions grant Ensanid passports evidential weight in legal proceedings and make them binding instruments across multiple jurisdictions. The ethical commitment to authority and pride in legitimate scholarship underpins this recognition.
Holders of an Ensanid passport are entitled to generate, hold, and present cryptographic proofs of humanity and authorship in accordance with the prevailing policy version. Such proofs may be attached to any form of digital content—whether human-authored, AI-assisted, or hybrid—provided the holder assumes responsibility under this Policy. In doing so, holders contribute to the collective trust of the scholarly community.
By presenting a passport with content, the holder warrants that:
This duty reflects the ethical foundation that truth in research is a shared good, safeguarded by individual integrity.
Where the content is wholly or partly generated by artificial intelligence, the holder assumes editorial responsibility. The Ensan claim serves as a public declaration that a human researcher has reviewed, accepted, and stands accountable for the output. This duty ensures AI-generated work cannot circulate without human oversight, upholding the principle of human authority over machine outputs.
A valid Ensan capsule constitutes a binding electronic signature. Once attached, the holder may not repudiate responsibility for the content unless the signature was demonstrably compromised without their knowledge or consent. Courts, regulators, and relying parties are entitled to treat valid signatures as non-repudiable. This principle reinforces the pride and dignity of accountability within the research community.
Holders shall not use Ensanid passports to:
Violation of these duties constitutes misuse and may result in revocation, suspension, or referral to competent authorities. Such safeguards reflect the commitment to protect the integrity and pride of legitimate researchers against fraud and deception.
Relying parties—including publishers, funders, platforms, and institutions—that accept Ensanid passports must perform the following checks before recognising a claim:
Only content accompanied by a verified and unrevoked capsule may be treated as endorsed by the passport holder.
Verifiers shall not demand, collect, or retain any personally identifiable information from the passport holder beyond the capsule required for verification. Ensanid’s design ensures that humanity can be proven without exposure; verifiers must respect and preserve this privacy guarantee.
Verifiers may keep records of verification outcomes for compliance purposes, provided such records are:
This ensures auditability while protecting the dignity and privacy of researchers.
A relying party that accepts an Ensanid passport without performing the required verification checks assumes liability for any consequences arising from misuse. Where due diligence is performed in accordance with this Policy, liability rests with the passport holder. This balance of duties preserves trust and authority across the chain of research integrity.
The Ensanid issuer operates on a principle of frequent, deterministic key rotation.
This guarantees resilience, reduces systemic risk, and maintains long-term trust.
Passports and their associated nullifiers may be revoked or suspended where:
All revocations are published in the signed revocations.json file, binding across all verifiers. Relying parties must re-check revocation lists at each verification to ensure a claim remains valid.
Every Ensanid passport is bound to epochal nullifiers—time-limited identifiers that refresh monthly. This mechanism ensures that:
This model upholds privacy while ensuring accountability, a balance central to Ensanid’s legitimacy.
The Ensanid operator commits to publishing, in publicly accessible signed JSON format:
These transparency obligations ensure that the governance of Ensanid remains auditable, stateless, and compliant with the principle that truth must be verifiable by anyone, anywhere.
Any misuse of an Ensanid passport—including fraud, impersonation, endorsement of unlawful content, or systemic abuse—constitutes a breach of this Policy.
A valid Ensanid capsule constitutes an electronic signature and may be presented as evidence in judicial or regulatory proceedings across the UK, EU, and MENA jurisdictions. Courts and regulators are entitled to treat the capsule as binding proof of authorship and accountability unless successfully challenged on grounds of demonstrable technical compromise.
Ensanid passports are deemed legally equivalent to an electronic signature within the meaning of:
This ensures cross-border enforceability and uniform recognition of claims.
Ensanid is operated by KNOWDYN Ltd and provided free of charge to the global research community on an “as is” basis.
This indemnity is absolute, reflecting KNOWDYN’s role as a neutral provider of cryptographic infrastructure to the research community.
26.1 Reducing Fraud Exposure. Ensanid eliminates the possibility of “synthetic researchers” attaching their names to fraudulent AI-generated work. Because eligibility is anchored in pre-2020 scholarly records, insurers can treat an Ensan passport as a low-risk credential for underwriting policies covering research grants, clinical trials, or publishing liability.
26.2 Actuarial Certainty. Each Ensan capsule is a cryptographic, time-stamped, non-repudiable record. This enables insurers to price policies against measurable accountability rather than unverifiable trust. Where a claim is disputed, the revocation and key-rotation framework provides an evidential trail for courts or arbitrators.
26.3 Sectoral Applications.
27.1 Stateless Integration. Ensanid is built on JSON-only, stateless endpoints. This allows knowledge-management platforms to plug in capsules as lightweight metadata objects without exposing or storing personally identifiable information (PII).
27.2 Provenance Anchoring. Capsules embed a verifiable chain of authorship that can be checked against public issuer keys. Knowledge-management firms can use this to:
27.3 Compliance Alignment. Because no personal data are transmitted or stored, integration aligns with GDPR, UK GDPR, and equivalent MENA data-protection regimes, lowering compliance overhead for knowledge platforms.
28.1 Proof of Authorship as Capital. For investors, IP valuers, and capital-markets participants, Ensanid provides a verifiable evidence layer that human authorship underpins claimed intellectual outputs. This is critical where generative AI blurs the boundary between human and machine creativity.
28.2 Valuation Advantage.
28.3 Investor Confidence. By ensuring that every claim of authorship carries personal accountability, Ensanid reduces legal and reputational risk for IP asset managers. This aligns with the psychological principle of authority and trust embedded in the system’s design.
23.1 UK. Ensanid capsules are electronic signatures under UK law. The Law Commission’s authoritative statement confirms that an electronic signature is valid if the signer intends to authenticate and any formalities are met; courts should not refuse effect merely because the signature is electronic. The UK continues to operate a UK version of eIDAS governing trust services (signatures, seals, time-stamps, registered delivery). Ensanid therefore has evidential effect as an electronic signature; whether it is sufficient for a specific instrument turns on statutory form requirements and reliability in the circumstances.
23.2 EU. Under eIDAS Regulation (EU) No 910/2014, an electronic signature cannot be denied legal effect or admissibility solely because it is electronic (Article 25(1)). Only a Qualified Electronic Signature (QES) automatically enjoys the equivalence of a handwritten signature across all Member States; other electronic signatures (SES/AdES) remain valid but are assessed case-by-case for evidential weight. Ensanid is a technology-neutral electronic signature; relying parties should assess its reliability (cryptographic integrity, issuer key validation, revocation checks) and any sector-specific formalities requiring QES.
23.3 MENA (GCC examples, Egypt, Türkiye).
Guidance. In all jurisdictions above, Ensanid is a valid electronic signature; however, where a particular transaction mandates a qualified/secure signature, relying parties may layer Ensanid with a jurisdiction-recognised qualified certificate if needed. The Ensan capsule’s reliability (issuer key verification, proof validity, revocation status, timestamps) materially increases its evidential weight.
24.1 Governing Law (contractual layer). As between the operator (KNOWDYN Ltd), passport holders, and relying parties, these Policy Terms are governed by the law of England and Wales, subject to mandatory local law where applicable. This anchors interpretation in a mature common-law treatment of electronic signatures while preserving local mandatory protections.
24.2 Conflicts-of-laws. Cross-border disputes shall be resolved by the competent forum seised of the matter. Where form requirements of the transaction’s lex causae demand a particular signature tier (e.g., QES or locally “secure” e-signature), that requirement controls the validity of that transaction even if the Ensan capsule otherwise evidences intent and authenticity.
24.3 Data protection posture. Ensanid is engineered for zero-PII storage and unlinkable presentations; verification requires no personal data, minimising GDPR/UK GDPR exposure for relying parties. Where logs are needed, parties should retain only capsule hashes, timestamps, and policy versions—no identities—consistent with the data-minimisation principle under UK/EU data protection regimes.
25.1 Evidential use. Courts and regulators in the UK, EU, and MENA accept electronic evidence; admissibility is not refused merely because a document/signature is electronic. Ensanid’s audit trail supports authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation.
25.2 Forum. Disputes may be brought in the courts of England and Wales or in the forum with jurisdiction over the relying party or the underlying transaction. Nothing in this Policy limits statutory or regulatory enforcement by competent authorities.
25.3 Practical reliance standard (educational note). For ordinary research uses (journal submissions, grant attachments, dataset/code releases), an Ensan capsule normally suffices as a signature with robust evidential weight. For formal acts (e.g., notarisation-like functions; certain EU administrative filings), parties may need a QES / secure e-signature alongside the Ensan capsule. A pragmatic approach is two-factor signing: (i) Ensan capsule (human accountability + provenance) and (ii) jurisdiction-recognised qualified signature where mandated.
Each Ensanid passport capsule explicitly references the policy version in force at the time of issuance. This ensures that verifiers, courts, and regulators can always determine which rules governed a claim at the relevant date. Archived policy versions remain publicly accessible in signed JSON format for evidential continuity.
All historical policy versions are retained indefinitely in the public archive, cryptographically signed. This ensures:
Amendments to this Policy will be guided by the following principles: